Synthroid – Aid for Suppressing GoitreGoitre is a swelling in the thyroid gland which can lead to a swelling of the neck or larynx (voice box). Goitre rarely occurs when the thyroid gland is functioning properly. Worldwide, over 90% cases of goitre are caused by iodine deficiency. Goitre associated with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism may present with symptoms of the underlying disorder although the symptoms are often unspecific and hard to diagnose. Goitre not associated with hormonal abnormalities will not cause any symptoms aside from the presence of anterior neck mass. However, for particularly large masses, compression of the local structures may result in difficulty in breathing or swallowing. In those presenting with these symptoms, malignancy must be considered. Toxic goitre will present with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis such as palpitations, hyperactivity, weight loss despite increased appetite, and heat tolerance. ThyroxineLevothyroxine, also L-thyroxine, synthetic, 3, 5, 3', 5'-tetraiodo-L-thyronine, is a synthetic form of thyroxine (thyroid hormone), used as a hormone replacement for patients with thyroid problems. The natural hormone is chemically in the L-form, as is the pharmaceutical agent (D-thyroxine) briefly saw research as agent but was pulled due to cardiac side-effects. Adverse EffectsDosing must be carefully controlled to achieve TSH levels within the normal reference range. Long-term suppression of TSH values below normal values will frequently cause cardiac side-effects and contribute to decreases in bone mineral density (high TSH levels are also well known to contribute). Patients prescribed too high a dose of thyroxine may experience effects that hyperthyroidism. Overdose can result in heart palpitations, abdominal pain, nausea, anxiousness, confusion, agitation, insomnia, weight loss, and increased appetite. Allergic reactions to the drug are characterized by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, or swelling of the face and tongue. Acute overdose may cause fever, hypoglycemia, heart failure, coma and adrenal insufficiency. Acute massive overdose may be life-threatening; treatment should be symptomatic and supportive. Massive overdose may require beta blockers for increased activity. The effects of overdosing appear 6 hours to 11 days after ingestion. Interference and DosageInterference and dosages vary according to the age groups and the individual condition of the patient, body weight and compliance to the medication and diet. Monitoring of the patient's condition and adjustment of the dosage is periodical and necessary. Levothyroxine is taken on an empty stomach approximately half an hour to an hour before meals. There are also foods and other substances that can interfere with absorption of thyroxine replacement. Grapefruit juice may delay the absorption of thyroxine, but it is not believed to have a significant effect on bioavailability. |